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Figure 2 shows incidence rates of childhood leukemia (per 100,000 person-years) over the child year of birth (left) and the maternal year of birth (right) for the same maternal age groups.
We aimed to assess whether there is an association between maternal age and risk of childhood leukemia and whether such an association is modified by maternal year of birth.
Our base model includes a minimum set of explanatory variables, including individual (daughter's birth year and birth order), maternal (year of birth, circumcision status, age at first marriage, number of children ever born, religion), and household-level (household size, governorate and urban/rural) demographic characteristics.
One study found that there was a positive linear relationship between maternal year of schooling and birthweight in black women, and a non-linear relationship in white women, with the optimal level of schooling with regard to birthweight being about 16 years and lower or higher levels of education associated with lower birthweight [ 9].
The observed number of leukemia cases and the corresponding incidence rates by maternal year of birth and maternal age are shown in Table 2. Corresponding RRs with 95% CIs are shown in Table 3. Until the maternal birth cohort 1955 1959, RRs of leukemia in the offspring increased with increasing maternal age, whereas no effect of maternal age was observed in offspring of women born in 1960 onward.
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For social stratification we used maternal years of schooling.
In our analysis maternal years of schooling clearly identified the disadvantaged group.
Socio-economic variables considered in the analysis included maternal years of education, total household income, maternal work status during pregnancy and place of residence.
Socioeconomic status was estimated using as a proxy the number of maternal years of formal education as collected at birth by the civil registry [ 16].
At the multivariable level, none of the socio-economic variables, including maternal years of education, total household income, maternal work status during pregnancy and place of residence were found to be significant.
The main exposure variables were the food and micronutrient interventions and the main stratifying variable was maternal years of schooling, dichotomized as <6 years (median value) and ≥6 years, which also corresponds to primary and above primary education, respectively.
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