Hat is meant to be amusing in his goofy uncouthness; Orange the hard-bitten but soft-hearted maternal type, the salt of the peaty earth.
The independent variables that were found to be determinates were maternal education, maternal occupation, type of toilet facility, child's stool disposal, and number of under five children, birth order, and age of child.
Our crossing design allowed us to explore not only nuclear and maternal genetic effects, but also potential interactions by comparing reciprocal cross types and many cross types of each maternal type.
The prevalence of PE is elevated several fold in the presence of maternal type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Importantly, no evidence was found for an independent contribution of maternal type 1 diabetes to childhood overweight.
PE is a major cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, and its incidence is increased approximately fourfold by the presence of maternal type 1 diabetes (1, 2).
Paternal and maternal type 2 diabetes, exclusive of gestational diabetes, may influence risk factors in the offspring differently (through possible epigenetic effects of parental diabetes) and are difficult to identify without accurate dates of diagnosis.
Given the known health implications of maternal type 2 diabetes [ 31], obesity [ 32], hypertension [ 33], depression [ 34], autoimmune disease [ 35] and thyroid disorders [ 37] for both mother and offspring, these additional conditions also require close attention.
This study shows associations between childhood overweight and both high birth weight and breast-feeding habits but found no evidence for an independent contribution of maternal type 1 diabetes to childhood overweight up to age 8 years.
