With minor changes, models were confirmed in an independent sample of 150 African-American first-time mothers, yielding a final instrument with 39 questions on maternal beliefs, 24 questions on behaviors and an additional 20 behavioral items pertaining to solid feeding for infants over 6 months of age.
Substance abuse (smoking, alcohol, drugs) is also recorded through three binary questions regarding maternal abuse and three questions regarding paternal abuse.
To enhance the rigor of the classification process, researchers may consider involving at least two physicians who can independently review and classify the causes of maternal deaths in question.
Use of a previously defined cohort and of Israel's national Psychiatric Registry assures an unbiased ascertainment of "exposure" relative to "outcome", without the need to rely on maternal recall or question the diagnosis; diagnoses of psychoses have been recently validated [ 30].
In addition, a parent interview was administered, which included all the questions related to maternal employment, maternity leave, and socio-biographic variables when the children were 9 months (National Center for Education Statistics 2005).
Surveys showed that one third of teenage girls say they can talk to their maternal grandmother about questions they wouldn't feel comfortable talking to their parents about.
High rates of maternal death raised questions about the standards of obstetric care, suggesting to feminists that society was failing to appreciate women's key role as childbearers.
Therefore, developing countries with limited heath service coverage attempt to include maternal mortality-related questions in household surveys, such as the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS).
A preliminary review of maternal alcohol use questions on current Canadian prenatal records revealed that similar to the risk factor of maternal smoking, provincial prenatal records vary considerably in their screening questions and intervention prompts related to maternal alcohol consumption.
Mothers might not have seen the remains and/or family members who buried the remains might not have conveyed details of the remains to mothers, raising potential issues in validity of maternal report in questions regarding appearance of the remains.
