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Three studies explored the influence of maternal POPs serum concentrations on DNA methylation of umbilical cord blood cells.
Maternal POPs concentrations in early pregnancy might be determined by other variables in the multivariable models, potentially resulting in problems of endogenity (see Supplemental Material, Figure S1).
Associations between GWG and POPs were comparable when we excluded maternal prepregnancy BMI (data not shown), or excluded maternal POPs concentration as a model covariate, or modeled the relative difference in newborn concentrations compared with maternal concentrations (see Supplemental Material, Table S6).
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Maternal POP concentrations are presented in Table 2.
Table 3 shows adjusted results for maternal POP levels in relation to offspring obesity-related outcomes.
Table 4 presents the associations between maternal POP exposure in pregnancy and offspring cardiometabolic risk factors at 4 years of age.
This suggests that, for compounds with long half-lives, temporary fish advisory-related decreases in daily contaminant intake will not necessarily translate to appreciable decreases in maternal POP body burdens, a highly relevant parameter in determining prenatal dose.
In addition, we repeated models without adjusting for maternal serum POPs concentrations.
In addition, we adjusted all models for maternal serum POPs concentrations measured in samples collected during the first trimester, which were assumed to represent baseline maternal serum concentrations before important GWG has occurred.
Finally, prior studies have focused on elucidating the impact of maternal exposure to POPs on birth size, regardless of the fact that pregnancy is a couple-dependent outcome.
The Supplemental Material, Tables S3 and S4, reports the cord serum and maternal concentrations of POPs quantifiable in > 30% of the samples.
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