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Using this calibration function, the image defocusing technique was used to measure the RI of a range of materials with certified RI values.
Table 2 Observed concentrations (µg/mL) of metals in standard reference materials with certified values Metals Observed concentrations Certified values *P values (n = 5) Significant difference at P = 0.05 (Yes/No)?
To ascertain accuracy, commercially available reference materials with certified or recommended Cd concentrations were analyzed.
The NIST has also made available standard reference materials with certified values for serum 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and tHcy, reference values for serum FA, and method-specific information values for total serum folate and serum vitamin B-12 (65).
Moreover, the accuracy of HPCE methods for honeybee venom analysis presented in the literature has not been confirmed due to the lack of reference materials with certified values of bee venom components.
In addition a number of element-specific and construct-specific methods are available that use plasmid calibration curves instead of genomic DNA isolated from reference materials with certified GMO percentages on a weight/weight basis [ 10, 15].
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However, initial calibration measurements also undertaken for quantification purposes on material with certified and similar composition should guarantee accuracy.
Quality control measures for each analytical batch included three reagent blanks, two reagent blank spikes (200 ng Hg), one sample spike of 400 ng Hg (in duplicate for both the unspiked and spiked 400 ng sample) and duplicates of three different standard reference materials (SRMs) with certified Hg concentrations.
When no aqueous standard reference materials with a certified content of target analyte are available, an add found method can be considered as an alternative for validation studies (Yamini et al. 2012).
There is a survey of methods in the literature, but most of them are either laborious or difficult to validate in view of the low availability of reference materials with a certified Si mass fraction.
So far, no reference material with a certified concentration of all regulated mycotoxins is available.
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