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In addition to the bodywork, drive components such as the housings typically used in double reduction gearboxes are of interest in terms of materials' substitution.
Elsa Olivetti, the Thomas Lord Assistant Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT, is developing models that combine cost and environmental data to guide choices for materials substitution and processing changes.
Pollution prevention techniques can be in various forms such as process and/or design improvement, materials substitution, energy or water conservation, inventory control, good housekeeping, and preventive maintenance, employee training, and waste exchange or pollution trading.
One of the priorities is to reduce the energy demand and innovate the production process to move towards the cleaner production as: Energy efficiency improvements; Waste heat recovery; Reduction of clinker/cement ratio and use of alternative raw materials; Substitution of fossil fuels with alternative energy sources.
Study of the industrial chemical process allows the visualization of convenient strategies for its greening, which are to be accomplished by related research or development fields, such as use of renewable source materials, substitution of traditional organic solvents, use of catalytic and biocatalytic procedures, or selective activation of reacting molecules.
Numerous experts are urging the EPA to issue a rule that focuses on safer technologies, often called materials substitution.
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Designing lighter cars will be a matter of using high-strength steel, making materials substitutions and relying on much more advanced structural engineering--super computers on steroids to determine the most efficient ways to bend metal to yield safety and light weight, says AutoPacific's Peterson.
A significant factor in obtaining the material substitution effect will be substituting non-wooden buildings with wooden ones.
Other options such as the use of forest products to substitute carbon intensive material (i.e. material substitution effects), and the use of wood to substitute carbon intensive fossil fuels for energy production (i.e. energy substitution effects) are on the other hand not commonly described nor quantified within the INDCs and could be given greater consideration by the Parties.
In addition, material substitution strategies are considered for optimizing both the process and the fresh properties.
Weight reduction and material substitution are increasing trends in the automotive industry.
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