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The identification of the different materials in the sample spectra was made by comparison with reference data [19, 22 30].
The absorption feature's depth is generally proportional to the abundance of the materials in the sample (for a fixed value of grain size).
When the excitation energy is close to the electronic band gap energy of any constituent semiconductor materials in the sample, electronic transition dominates the spectrum, leading to a very broad peak.
All combustible materials in the sample are combusted to gases; that is, all carbon-bearing materials are converted into CO2 and nitrogen-bearing materials to N2.
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Unfortunately, XRD patterns of the thin film samples could not be obtained because of the extremely small quantities of materials in the samples.
The relatively high value of electrical conductivity (45,350 μ mho/cm) indicates the presence of dissolved inorganic materials in the samples.
Amino acids have different affinities for various ions, and the identification of proteinaceous materials in the samples using the amino acid profiles may have been hampered by the strong affinity of amino acids for these metal ions.
During the analysis of the cross-section sample taken from the paint layers of the historical railway car (collection of the National Technical Museum, Prague, Czech Republic) different barrier methods to prevent the infiltration of embedding materials in the samples were used.
SEM showed morphological differences in all materials, in the samples stored at pH 2.5, pH 5.5 and in saline (figure 1).
Instead, he uses a DNA-sequencing technique that he himself developed, to get directly at bacterial genes in a sample.Shotgun sequencing, as this technique is known, relies on blasting the genetic material in the sample into tiny pieces, and then working out the order of the individual genetic "letters" that spell out the message in each piece.
The value of saturation magnetization allows to estimate the amount of the magnetic material in the sample [3].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com