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After 1900 innumerable refinements were made in materials, frame design, and components, but the bicycle's basic design remained almost static.
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The salon (the living room deserves this more elegant name), literally glowed with many colors, textures and materials framing eye popping scenarios that seemed to literally transport me into a kind of holiday kingdom of Christmas celebration.
The stresses are updated in a material frame.
The notion of constitutive frame invariance (CFI) is introduced as geometric correction to the formulation of material frame indifference (MFI).
The applicability of the bending model to both fiber architectures is guaranteed by introducing either an orthogonal or a non-orthogonal fiber parallel material frame.
Cohesive zone models based on classical interface-type formulations at finite deformations are subjected to fundamental physical principles such as thermodynamical consistency, balance equations and material frame indifference.
Although the bounds are axis-aligned in each object's material frame, when testing two objects' AABB-rees against each other, bounds are rotated due to the relative rigid transformation between the two objects.
We present a material frame formulation analogous to the spatial frame formulation developed by Hardy, whereby expressions for continuum mechanical variables such as stress and heat flux are derived from atomic-scale quantities intrinsic to molecular simulation.
We derive expressions for the first Piola Kirchhoff (P K) stress tensor and the material frame heat flux vector directly from the momentum and energy balances using localization functions in a reference configuration.
These findings reveal that the Willis-form equations can give very accurate linear approximations of finite deformation problems and are also helpful to clarify the classical concept of the principle of material frame indifference.
Cohesive zone modeling at finite displacements and crack openings are discussed and evaluated in relation to the fundamental principles provided by thermodynamic consistency, balance of angular momentum and material frame indifference.
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