During the modern synthesis, Dobzhansky and Mayr proposed the Biological Species Concept that defines species by their ability to exchange genetic material within their group while being prevented from exchanging genetic material between groups [1], [2].
The following contrasts were tested: auditory (DAA > DAN) or visual (DVA > DVN) stimulus material, between groups and auditory versus visual stimulus material ((DAA > DAN) > (DVA > DVN)) and vice versa, between groups.
There were no material differences between groups in sun-related knowledge, attitudes or behaviour at 13 months.
To examine differences in social and material circumstances between groups (disabled versus non-disabled children), the Pearson Chi-square test was reported except for two-by two tables when the Yates' continuity correction was used.
Certainly on the evidence presented here, promoting collaboration is likely to facilitate the sharing of materials, data and expertise between groups, and indeed across sectors, that policy makers have deemed necessary for addressing translational challenges.
This goal will be achieved by minimizing the normalized cut (Shi and Malik, 2000) between groups (see Materials and Methods).
For all genotypes and age groups except for SJL/J, the normalized ex vivo twitch and tetanic forces were not different between groups (supplementary material Table S1).
Slow EEG activity after an alcohol-related seizure has been observed [ 41, 42], but in the present material, alcohol use was similar between groups.
To determine whether improved functional recovery was related to reduced cell injury in this acute model, we measured protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated-PKCδ as early markers of commitment to apoptosis, and no differences were observed between groups (Supplementary material online, Figure S2 ).
The effect on badge size might be a by-product if EP birds conceal the 'visible badge' more by the buff white feather tips, but the facultatively exposable 'hidden badge' (sensu [52]; see also Materials and Methods) did not differ between groups.
