The liquid water within unsaturated granular materials is distinguished as the intergranular layer, the wetting layer and the water film.
Different reflective materials were distinguished including the bare glass substratum (I), silica frustules of diatoms present in the biofilm (II) and considerable amounts of amorphous material (III).
The new concrete material is distinguished from previous development by the inclusion of the nanoparticles.
At a level at which conscious mental states and material brain states are distinguished, each conscious experience, according to Stapp (1999, p. 153), has as its physical counterpart a quantum state reduction actualizing "the pattern of activity that is sometimes called the neural correlate of that conscious experience".
Ceramic materials on the basis of zirconia are distinguished from other ceramic materials by the highest fracture toughness value because they demonstrate the well-known "transformation toughening effect," which took part in the field of stresses caused by the propagation of cracks in sintered materials [4, 5].
Microstructural constraints, e.g. due to second-phase particles and grain boundaries, and dimensional constraints in small-scale materials such as thin films are distinguished.
Due to their unique material properties GaN power devices are distinguished by featuring high breakdown voltages, low on-state resistances and fast switching properties at the same time.
For a different way of motivating the permutation invariance criterion for logical constancy, starting from the "pretheoretical intuition that logical consequences are distinguished from material consequences in being necessary and formal," see Sher 1991, ch. 3.
Crystalline nanomembranes (NMs) are distinguished from bulk materials most significantly by thinness, flexibility, nearness of two surfaces or interfaces, and the essential fact that in some part of their processing, nanomembranes are free of any constraint: they are released from a rigid handling substrate via removal of a sacrificial layer.
Three kinds of causes are distinguished: inherent or material cause (the substance out of which an effect is produced), non-inherent cause (which helps in the production of a cause), and efficient cause (the power that helps the material cause produce the effect).
