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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for characterization of starting materials and final products.
Therefore, we assume that positive values of t i and T j represent taxes for raw materials and final products; similarly, the negative values of t i and T j denote subsidies for raw materials and final products, respectively.
Thus, if government assigns taxes to raw materials and final products, it acts like a profit element; and if government assigns subsidies to raw materials and final products, it acts like a cost element.
t i and T j as tariff decision variables of government are considered free decision variables for both raw materials and final products, respectively.
For generalization purpose of the model, we do not restrict the environmental pollution cost of raw materials and final products to specific elements.
They aim to assure high quality through timely measurements of critical quality and performance attributes of raw materials, in-process materials, and final products.
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Moreover, coupling between process, material and final part is crucial for any designer and even truer for plastic parts.
For the purpose of estimating working capital requirement, 15 days is assumed as storage period for raw material and final product.
Additionally, as trials progress and products enter clinical use, storage and stability of the starting material and final product will need to be addressed, including the ability to cryopreserve the product.
These include setting suitable specification to allow for patient variability both in starting material and final product as well as conducting suitably extensive final product characterisation to enable comparison of results within trials and following any changes in the product manufacture process or manufacturing site.
Knowledge about such changes can generally be deduced from knowledge of the stereochemistry (three-dimensional structures) of the starting materials, intermediates, and final products (provided these are obtained under kinetic control).
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