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The observed failure modes of the beam-column tests included flexural buckling and material yielding in the heat-affected zone.
The observed failure modes for the column tests include yielding, overall buckling, and material yielding in the heat-affected zone.
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The yield function for material yielding incorporated in the stiffness formulation, which allows for both axial force and bending moment effects, is more accurate and rational to predict the behaviour of the frames under fire.
Both anisotropy and pressure-dependence of material yielding behavior are considered in the general form of kinematic limit analysis.
Employment of low-yield stress steel plates in shear wall systems has been demonstrated in a number of studies to be a promising alternative for improving the buckling stability, energy absorption capacity, and serviceability of these lateral force-resisting systems, in which material yielding of infill plates may occur either before or after or even at the same time as geometrical buckling.
The X-rays entering the sensor window are converted directly to electrical charge in the depleted detector material yielding minimum lateral signal spread and maximum image sharpness.
The clade founded by an LGT donor may have subsequently had its species membership obfuscated by later exchanges of genetic material, yielding an unnatural assemblage of nomenclatural tags (species labels) in a presumed lineage.
In the ETF and ITF loading conditions, all specimens failed by material yielding at the webs.
All columns failed in overall buckling about the minor axes of their cross-sections with significant material yielding.
The detected creep was pressure sensitive, higher in tension than in compression for the same stress level, following the strength differential effect (SDE) at material yielding.
The failure modes of material yielding, local buckling and flexural buckling as well as interaction of local and flexural buckling were found in this study.
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