Fresh or frozen plant material was homogenized using a 'Magic Bullet' homogenizer (Homeland Housewares, Los Angeles, CA, USA) for shoots and roots and a 'SK mill' for cultured cells and proline concentration was determined by using the method of Bates et al. (1973).
Ten grams of plant material was homogenized in 20 mL of HPLC grade methanol using an Ultra-Turrax tissue homogenizer (Takmar, Cincinnati, OH, USA) at moderate speed (setting of 60) for 30 s.
50 mg of frozen plant material was homogenized in a 2 mL Eppendorf tube, and 1 ml methanol (100%) containing two internal standards (1µg/mL ampicillin and 1µg/mL chloramphenicol) were added.
A 250 g sample of seedling material was homogenized in 1000 ml buffer (0.5 M sucrose, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM EDTA, 1% bovine serum albumin, 5 mmol/L β-mercaptoethanol, 1.5% polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, pH 7.5).
One gram of material was homogenized at 0°C in 10 mL buffer I (containing 5 mM EDTA, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM MnCl2, 2 mM NaNO3, 0.5 mM K2HPO4 and 0.1 M sucrose).
For each approach, 1 g infectious hamster brain material was homogenized in 10 ml PBS (phosphate buffered saline) and added to 20 g of standard German sandy loom soil (Borstel).
Both kinds of material were homogenized in liquid nitrogen.
0.50 g fresh material were homogenized at 4 °C with 3 mL of 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and 0.10 g activated charcoal.
Briefly, the biological material is homogenized in the presence of 1.8% formaldehyde.
To prepare leaf extract samples for analysis, leaf materials were homogenized in 5 v/w of extraction buffer 1 (PBS, pH 7.4, 20 mM ascorbic acid, 10 mM sodium metabisulfite) and centrifuged.
The materials were homogenized in a single lot to avoid differences in composition among experiments and stored under dry conditions before use.
