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Mid-ocean ridges are the sites where new ocean crust and mantle is generated from molten material upwelling from deep in Earth's interior.
Hot material upwelling from deep below Hawaii may pool up far below and to the west of the islands.
Our results support the idea that the lithosphere of the Indian plate subducted into the mantle and caused hot material upwelling.
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Also located are several dozen hot spots where plumes of hot mantle material are upwelling beneath the plates.
The hot material backarc upwelling may come from the lithosphere of the Indian plate which subducted into the upper mantle or deeper part.
Using images gathered during the flyby, scientists estimate that the generally flat surface of each circulating mass is up to 50 meters higher in elevation than average at its center, where material is upwelling, and is surrounded by a trough as much as 100 meters deep where material circulates downward, as they report online today in Nature.
This fishery could not exist without upwelling.
Upwelling in the open sea has entirely different causes.
Upwelling in coastal waters brings nutrients toward the surface.
"We tracked millions of these particles as they're upwelling.
Where upwelling occurs, it is responsible for concentrating a profusion of life.
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