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The oxygen vacancies evolved during growth of the material, trap electrons and thus become paramagnetic and give the characteristic electron spin resonance signal.
Enhanced device emission and quantum efficiency would be obtained by removing or filling material trap states and optimizing film quality, similar to halide perovskite solar cells.
When the insulator or semiconductor is subjected to radiation, electron hole pairs are generated, defects in the OSL material trap these electron hole pairs.
Similar(57)
The rapid pulses of energy came from material trapped by gravity in a disk around the putative black hole.
By carbon-dating leaves and other organic material trapped within it, she has shown that it is about the same age as the Tauredunum event.The discovery of this turbidite means it is possible to work out what happened in 563.
Sludge residue and bed material trapped toxic compounds, demonstrated by slightly increased TU values in D5 (Figure 1, Table 5).
Since Ge islands tend to nucleate randomly on flat Si substrates, substrate patterning can be used to achieve controlled positioning by creating material traps [1, 2].
In her view, the cause of the explosion when the tip of the drop was broken was that there was a tiny quantity of volatile material trapped inside which reacted violently on contact with air.
The researchers said that silicone could add another impenetrable coating to blood, tissue and other organic material trapped inside scopes.
"However, it is possible to trace them with the material trapped in the magnetic field, similar to iron fillings you can put near a magnet," Janvier said.
The teeth of the upper jaw would grind against the teeth of the lower jaw like rasps, processing plant material trapped between them.
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