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The specific optical functions for the light guiding elements, notably their single mode characteristics and the accessible spectral domains, depend on the achieved refractive index contrast in the material transparency window and on the characteristic dimensions of the optical modification.
In addition, material transparency in a wide spectral region (360 nm to 13μm for GaN [3], large longitudinal-optical phonon energy (92 meV for GaN), and the rather heavy-electron effective mass (0.22 × m0 for GaN) also guarantee the realization of ISB transitions at room temperature.
Polycarbonates (PC) are currently used for organic optical glass; nevertheless they show a poor impact resistance which may be increased by combination with cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) into a PC/CAB interpenetrating polymer network (IPN), without altering the material transparency as we show here.
Issues under her responsibility included human rights, indirect carbon and water footprints, and raw material transparency.
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Upon expiry of the Invisalign patent, a profusion of other aligner manufacturers sprang up, offering products based on different scanning technologies, set-up software, material, thickness, transparency and finishing quality and technique.
Although gelation time of sols is dependent on the precursor material, enhanced transparency is exhibited by the films prepared with all the sols that have reached the state of gelation.
I will review the interface formation of OSCs with dielectric materials and with indium-tin-oxide (ITO), a material whose transparency and conductivity make it indispensable for a number of opto-electronic applications and whose electronic properties and energy level alignment with organics have proven dramatically altered by surface treatments.
This fabrication method can achieve periodic structures on a scale of several cm with good reproducibility, while preserving the material's transparency and optical nonlinearity.
The microsurgical findings included the macroscopic structure of the lesion before surgical excision; the characteristics of the compressing material (colour, transparency, texture, and output pressure); the localisation of the lesion and the specific relationship with the longitudinal ligament; the presence of epidural haematomas; and the macroscopic appearance of the spinal cord.
The effects of these materials were transparency and glossiness.
Readable text panels, the enhancement of original material by transparencies and blown-up color photographs, and a CD-ROM room, on whose screens viewers can turn the pages of virtual manuscripts, help make the show one of the season's most impressive.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com