The amount of heat exchanged between the air and the surrounding soil depends upon various parameters, e. g., surface area of the pipes, length of the pipes, water contents of the inlet air and dampness of the earth, temperature of the earth, air velocity, material and surface conditions of the pipes, depth of the pipes from the ground surface, soil type etc. (Kumar et al. 2006).
For each flooring material, the surface condition measurement using the wiping motion was performed.
The contact interactions include mechanical, electrical and thermal contacts where the electrical and thermal conduction across the faying interface are affected strongly by the mechanical contact pressure and temperature at the interface in addition to material composition and surface conditions.
The characteristic bond strength depends mainly on the properties of the bonding agent-anchoring material, the geometry and surface conditions of the tendon, and the radial stiffness of the confining medium.
In these conditions, the material surface undergoes a severe wear process.
This is in agreement with findings from another in vitro study where adhesion strength of fibroblasts was not affected by surface conditions and materials [ 30].
Three types of dispersions have been taken into account: (i) the Crossland criterion material characteristics, (ii) the shot peened surface conditions and (iii) the applied loading parameters.
Formation of cracks was avoided due to modification in the heat transfer conditions on the material surface, resulting in slower surface cooling rates.
The results obtained by the four-color method have higher accuracy and precision than two-color method and we can recognize that several conditions of the material surface are clearly illustrated by the resultant 2D emissivity distribution.
In engineering, the roughness index is mainly used to describe the small valley and pitch conditions on the material surface, as known as micro-roughness.
