Sentence examples for material substitution in from inspiring English sources

Calculating material substitution in this study area poses a methodological problem.

The volume of annual carbon emissions reduction due to material substitution in each region compared to the BAU scenario is illustrated in Fig. 6 and the nationwide annual reduction volume is shown in Fig. 7.

Especially with the onset of newer processes such as electron beam melting (EBM) and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), revolutionary advances may be achieved in material substitution in the medical implant industry.

The volume of annual carbon emissions reduction due to material substitution in each region compared to the BAU scenario is illustrated in Fig.  6 and the nationwide annual reduction volume is shown in Fig.  7.

As regards the material substitution effect, in the future scenarios in which HWP usage is promoted, the maximum nationwide carbon emissions reduction volume is estimated at 2.9 MtC year−1 in 2050.

Further studies are needed on how to allocate avoided CO2 emissions in the process chain in cases where semi-finished wood products are initially processed in region A and their end product is finished in region B. Approach I assesses material substitution proportionally in relation to the process chain.

This study develops a hybrid fuzzy decision-making model which combines the fuzzy weight average (FWA) with the fuzzy inference system (FIS) for material substitution selection in the electronics industry.

HWPs mitigate climate change via a carbon storage effect, a material substitution effect (a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels in material production, transportation, etc., as a result of the substitution of other materials with HWPs), and an energy substitution effect (the substitution of fossil fuels as a result of the energy use of HWPs) [2].

HWPs mitigate climate change via a carbon storage effect, a material substitution effect (a reduction in the consumption of fossil fuels in material production, transportation, etc., as a result of the substitution of other materials with HWPs), and an energy substitution effect (the substitution of fossil fuels as a result of the energy use of HWPs) [ 2].

A significant factor in obtaining the material substitution effect will be substituting non-wooden buildings with wooden ones.

In that respect, our approach leaves entirely to the countries the evaluation of which mix of forest mitigation options (e.g., increasing the forest sink, increasing carbon storage in harvested wood products, or increasing energy and/or material substitution) is more effective in their specific circumstances.