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As shown in Fig. 2, the simulation model consists of three unit modules, five material streams and two heat streams.
In many industrial process systems material streams and processes can be found that have to be cooled down or/and condensed, and heated up or/and vaporized.
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First we show that the two side streams connections that produce a thermal 'couple' can be substituted by a combination of a material stream and a heat flow.
Due to the rapid proliferation of electronic systems, substantial material streams, energy consumption, and entropy generation rates are associated with the cooling of computers, as well as other categories of electronic equipment.
The advantages are greater when 1G and 2G ethanol processes are integrated as energy and material streams are shared within the same plant.
Furthermore the goal of more competitive 2G ethanol production can also be achieved by integrating the 1G and 2G technologies in a plant sharing energy and material streams in unit operations in order to exploit synergies.
The chemical exergies for material streams of the N2 and the LNG subsystems do not need to be considered in the exergetic analysis because only the physical exergy of the working fluid is used in the corresponding subsystems.
Source separation and concentrated material streams facilitate resource recovery at a lower unit cost than is possible using conventional treatment of mixed dilute streams.
The method has been implemented in a set of external subroutines which have been integrated with a flowsheeting simulator, in order to calculate exergies of material streams along with the traditional energy- and mass-balance calculations.
They are the unit module of RYIELD, RGIBBS, SSPLIT; material streams of NATCOKE (coal char), CO2, O2, SYNGAS and ash; heat streams of QLOSE (heat loss of the gasifier) and QDECOMP (Heat of char cracking).
The reader will find articles that address recycling systems as a whole, pieces that focus on specific impacts and detailed discussions of particular material streams or waste management strategies.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com