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The internal energy function depends on a logarithmic measure of material strain, entropy, and internal state variables accounting for defect accumulation, for example effects of micro-cracks on the tangent stiffness of the solid.
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FE simulations show that strains on the sheet strip surface are comparable with strains inside the material and strains from a plane strain approximation.
Entropy has been used to test whether new virus strains (HIV and Hepatitis C) are more variable than the background (older strains), a more variable strain (higher entropy) is indicative of a "break-out" strain [ 39].
For magnetocaloric materials the total entropy diagram S T) in different magnetic fields is of central importance.
It is just suit material being strained to the point of destruction.
A new class of materials called high-entropy alloys (HEAs) constitutes multiple principal elements in similar compositional fractions.
In order to define stress and entropy, we restrict the materials being simple such that their material parameters are constants.
In summary, directionality theory shows that during the fluctuating (opportunistic) competitive growth phase of multi-strain pathogen epidemic establishment it is short infectious duration (low entropy) strains that are favoured over longer infectious duration (higher entropy) strains.
This material exhibits a high entropy dimension, D1.
Also, modeling of the high-strain singularity in entropy is done in the EV theory using a rather simple approximation.
By contrast, in established (equilibrium) populations it is longer infectious duration (high entropy) strains that have competitive advantage.
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