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Numerical solution of these equations clearly shows attenuation patterns and phase changes that are manifested as the incoming wave disturbance is continuously scattered by non-constant material stiffness values encountered along the propagation path.
With depleting material stiffness values, the performance of all designs diminished.
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Using a validated intact lumbar finite element model for L2-L5, interbody fusion models for L3-L4 in one-level and L3-L5 in two-levels were developed using rod materials with three different stiffness values.
Effects of spring stiffness values and the material power-law distributions on the natural frequencies of shells are also discussed.
We show that a remarkable reduction of static friction can be achieved by introducing hierarchical arrangements of varying local roughness values, or by introducing controlled material stiffness variations.
The incorporation of polymeric reinforcement within the gels increased material stiffness to that comparable to the native nucleus pulposus, however permeability was significantly greater than native values.
As has been described before [9], an important component of the high force values occurring during tooth movements using aligners is caused by the increase in material stiffness due to incorporating bends and edges into the appliance during thermoforming.
Stiffness values of composites degraded with the growing damage variables (DVs) D ij homogeneously when a material met its failure criteria.
The CMS signal with a 45 Hz oscillation frequency and 2 nm amplitude appears to produce most reasonable values of stiffness values and is therefore the best choice for reliably extracting ISS curves for the materials studied.
Therefore, even considering the uncertainty of our calculated 3D stiffness (less than one order of magnitude) that may be caused by using different approximations for effective layer thickness, the 3D stiffness values predicted for 1T-MX2 compounds are among the highest in the naturally occurring crystalline solids and are at least three orders of magnitude higher than man-made auxetic materials.
The Resilient Modulus (MR) is a measure of sub-grade material stiffness.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com