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These have included collagen fibril density, alignment and hierarchical structure, controlling material stiffness and anisotropy.
Both material stiffness and constraint effect are used to explain the physical mechanisms.
Test parameters including initial debond geometry, flange material stiffness, and the adhesive critical strain energy release rate (Gc) were investigated.
The "equivalent micro-crack stress" (σmc) is a function of the material stiffness and the "micro-crack initiation threshold" (MCIT).
The rigidity of devices is described to be a function of material stiffness and its geometry relative to the loading axes.
The paper presents the free vibration analysis of simply supported 3D printed polymeric functionally graded (FG) plates with variation of material stiffness and density along their length.
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Three methods are explored (1) varying ply orientation and laminate stacking sequence; (2) introducing patterned material stiffness distributions; and (3) providing internal lateral constraints.
The shingle addition causes stiffer binder in the mixture, resulting in the increase of material stiffness, stability, and rutting resistance.
The Virtual Fields Method (VFM) was used to identify the material stiffness parameters and error functions were finally defined to evaluate the identification error.
Specimens used for testing material stiffness, strength and failure of bolted single-lap composite joints were made by vacuum assisted resin injection (VARI).
But the simulation results are obviously affected by the model parameters for the fiber net, as variations of the topological contact threshold a (3.4), material stiffness α (3.5a - 3.5b 3.5a - 3.5bight (h_{i}) for the verticandnon-homogeneity (4.1) show, see FiguRVE13.
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