"The material damage inflicted... by LeMay's offensive was almost irrelevant," Hastings notes, "because blockade and raw-material starvation had already brought the economy to the brink of collapse".
In this context, autophagy might act as a housekeeper which eliminated abnormal proteins and recycles materials during cell starvation [ 7, 154].
To allow sufficient time for recB strains, which grow slowly, to exit stationary phase, these were incubated in growth medium for an additional 30 min prior to thymine starvation (Materials and Methods).
In all genotypes, females survived longer than males under starvation (supplementary material Fig. S1B).
Moreover, both in mutant and rescued genotypes, head TAG profiles remained unaffected by starvation (supplementary material Fig. S7).
However, nf1a−/−; nf1b−/− larvae maintained the ability to both consume and transit live paramecia, suggesting that premature death was not the result of starvation (supplementary material Fig. S3).
Additionally, OCRL was found in the cilia by other methods: enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP -tagged OCRL was dEGFP -taggedhe cilia OCRLtably transfected hTERT-RPE cells after 24 h serum starvation (Supplementary Material, Fig. S2A); Flag-tagged OCRL was foundetected cinia NHF cells thet were serum starved for 24 h and stained for aciliaated α-tubulin (Supplementary Material, Fig. S2B).
Similar to the Tsc1 cells, we found no significant difference in centrosome number between Tsc2 −/− p53 −/− (1.3 2.4% of cells with >2 centrosomes, depending on the culture conditions) and Tsc2 +/+ p53 −/− cells (1.8 3.5% of cells with >2 centrosomes) after 24 or 48 h in 10% FBS, or 48 h serum starvation (Supplementary Material, Table S1).
Whereas the climbing ability of itpr ku was slightly reduced as compared with controls in the fed condition, it was higher than controls under starvation (supplementary material Fig. S1E) indicating that elevated stored lipids in itpr ku do not correlate with inability to climb.
Lester Kiehn, a board member of the Coastal Research and Education Society of Long Island, said that among dead animals he has examined were a porpoise, a turtle, a dolphin and a whale, each of which died of starvation, with balloon material lodged in its intestinal tract.
