We found many sources of variation present in the cDNA experiments; variation between amplified and non-amplified material (protocol, P), between the two different cell lines (C), between different batches of each cell line, (B) between different arrays (A), between the two different florescent dyes (D), between different spots (AG), between different genes (G) and combinations thereof.
The potential heterogeneity due to different contrast material protocols was assessed through the comparison of all perfusion parameters (Table 1).
DBC solutions were stored in a locked laboratory dedicated to carcinogens, and all waste was discarded in accordance with OSU radiation safety and hazardous material protocols.
Detailed information regarding plant material, protocols for the extraction of DNA, PCR conditions for multiplex panels, in addition to other genetic analysis related to the accessions which were used as the starting point for this study can be found in [ 18].
SK helped design the plant materials protocol, maintained and harvested plants, and isolated RNA.
Study materials (protocol, patient diary, and case report form) and study procedures were developed with advice from all networks.
Moreover, replications describe in detail the entire experimental design, including controls, conditions, assay optimizations, materials, protocols, and analysis plans prior to initiating data collection.
The batch effects are the systematic differences between batches (groups) of samples in microarray experiments due to technical reasons, such as variability in materials, protocols or operators, possibly introducing a bias able to confound true biological differences (recently reviewed by Luo and coll. [ 30]).
Study herds were sent instructions, material and protocol for sampling in November 2011, May 2012, and May 2013.
Since this variation contradicts the development of standardised material, our protocol indicated we would check that physiotherapists either provided information leaflets illustrating exercises for home use already or would access a standard web-based facility to generate 'bespoke' exercise sheets.
On-site monitoring visits had multiple purposes: to ensure the protection of patients' rights, to verify the accuracy of reported data and to provide training to site personnel with regard to trial material and protocol.
