The few studies on SES among adults in developing countries used indicators such as type and material of housing, source of drinking water, sewage system, type of domestic fuel, land ownership, education, occupation, living conditions, and demographic conditions (Crontinovis et al. 1993; Durkin et al. 1994; Fiadzo et al. 2001; Galobardes et al. 2006a, b).
Environmental factors included were demographic and socio-economic variables (Table 2): material of house (categorized into two groups with semi wood/brick was added to wood as the reference); water supply (pipe users were included in the group of pump users and well users were used as the reference).
In addition, although construction material of house walls (mud or brick) was significant on its own, once sleeping place was controlled for, construction material of house walls became insignificant and therefore was also excluded from the final model.
Briefly, six socioeconomic variables were evaluated: number of persons in the house, number of rooms in the house, floor material of the house, availability of potable water, presence and type of plumbing in the house, and educational level of the head of the family.
The material of the housing must be biocompatible and seals must protect the electronics from penetration of moisture.
An asset approach was used as a measure of socio-economic status [ 56]: the questionnaire included details of the construction material of the housing unit, ownership of certain consumer items (working radio, television, refrigerator, bicycle, motorcycle, car) and availability of utilities such as electricity and piped water.
It includes: utilities (source of drinking water and electricity), type of toilet facility, main floor material of the house, main roof material of the house, type of cooking fuel used by the household, and media assets (radio and television).
These questionnaires include information as material of the house, use of processed water, electricity, floor material, fuel, management of waste and exposure to pets and animals, and parent education level.
Judith Flanders's book views the making of "home" from the vantage point of historical anthropology, looking at myths and rituals, marriage practices and the material fashioning of houses as homes.
The financial policy committee found that the scheme "has not been a material driver of house price growth", Hammond said, despite reports this week that help to buy as a whole had pushed up house prices by an average of £8,250, according to research from housing charity Shelter.
However, archaeologists do not dig up either of these social concepts but rather the material residues of houses and households.
