Although it is as yet not possible to give a quantitative estimate of the percentage of frothed xenoliths among erupted xenolithic material, the occurrence of frothed crustal xenoliths in volcanic rocks in a wide variety of geodynamic settings (Figs 1 and 2) demonstrates that some of the xenoliths have been erupted instead of preserved in the intrusive record.
The main issues studied in this work are the material flow (occurrence of defects such as wrinkling and fracture) of the layers of the specimen and the required drawing force.
In-channel responses attributable to the crossings were observed at 14 (93%) of the sites and include increased bank erosion, increased mud coatings on coarse channel clasts, increased in-channel fine-sediment accumulations, changes in the size distributions of coarse bed material, and occurrence of large channel-filling sediment plugs.
They come with a plethora of material from past occurrences that usually serves to further confuse those who have had sightings as well as those who report these events in the newspapers.
It is shown that FRP, as a reinforcement material, postpones the occurrence of cracks and slows the crack propagation, and that cracks emanating from the upstream surface and downstream surface are not connected, meaning that the reinforced dam can retain water-impounding function when subjected to the earthquake.
The main driving factors that define the variability in soil types found were: 1) geology, through soil parent material and the occurrence of harder layers, often acting as aquitards or aquicludes; 2) different types of mass movements that occupy large areas of the catchment; and 3) severe human-induced soil erosion and deposition.
Both implant designs are associated with subluxation, material fatigue, and occurrence of wear debris causing adverse tissue reactions (Swanson et al. 1981, Sollerman et al. 1993, Bezwada et al. 2002, Perez-Ubeda et al. 2003).
The close time relationship between the application of the styrene-based material and the occurrence of symptoms that can be induced by styrene in humans point to styrene as the most likely candidate for the occurrence of symptoms, although the possibility of the presence of other undisclosed contaminants cannot be entirely ruled out.
In addition, because most Geobacter species harbor only one CD-type BY-kinase gene (supplementary fig. S3, Supplementary Material online), the occurrence of both BY-kinase types in Geobacter sp. M18 and Geobacter uraniireducens Rf4 suggests possible HGT acquisition of the TAD-CD-type protein in those strains during evolution.
Data were collected on mean material usage per sequela occurrence until resolution (type of material = mean unit size per occurrence * mean frequency of use per unit).
In addition, the geometrical and material conditions for the occurrence of elastic buckling under a triaxial stress state are identified.
