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When shrinkage of repair material is restrained, tensile stress, σ(t), is induced which is equivalent to the stress required to pull the repair material at an elongation of Δεsh(t) (Fig. 2c).
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The bi-material composite member is restrained at its ends by translational and rotational springs, which simulate a semi-rigid connection in a steel-concrete composite frame.
How to maximise ξ is discussed along with questions of whether the material to be cut is restrained or not.
Due a mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion, the repair mortar tries to shrink (h), but since the two materials are sealed, the mortar is restrained by the stone (i) which leads to tension in the mortar.
In keeping with the desire to conserve the original materials and feel of the building, "the design is restrained," says Ms. Goldman, with little "opulence, just a question of good materials, well put together and well designed".
The interior is restrained in design and executed in materials that seem both higher in quality and better tailored than most cars in this class.
If anything, it is restrained.
The resulting drink is restrained and elegant.
Elegance is restrained.
Chinese ambition is restrained by convention.
Celebration is restrained, however, in Washington.
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