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In general, it is decisive that the magnetization in the magnetic material is aligned perpendicular to the applied magnetic field for an optimal magnetostrictive effect, e.g., if the magnetization in the magnetic material is parallel to applied field, the magnetostrictive effect is zero.
This hypothesized reaction pathway that occurs at a higher temperature with biomass feed material is parallel to the reaction pathways proposed for coal described above.
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The coating's material gradient is parallel to the axisymmetric direction and is orthogonal to the crack plane.
One can identify three types of distortions that could occur in an oriented sample: (1) twists of the material, where neighboring molecules are forced to be angled with respect to one another, rather than aligned; (2) splay of the material, where bending occurs perpendicular to the director; and (3) bend of the material, where the distortion is parallel to the director and molecular axis.
The analysis will also consider different flow-induced alignments of fibres, which can result into either strain-hardening or softening behaviour, whether the material is stressed parallel or perpendicularly to the fibres, respectively.
Colours are produced when a material is scored with fine parallel lines, formed of one or more parallel thin layers, or otherwise composed of microstructures on the scale of the colour's wavelength.
In squeezing flows, a material is compressed between two parallel plates and then squeezed out radially.
The material is built up of numerous parallel tubes, which act as conductors in the hydrothermal chimneys.
A walnut in flame, its incandescent energy releasing in high-pitched song; the sound of raindrops on biblically dark water, increasing to apocalyptic thunder: one artist films the places where the other records sound, the material is separately edited then played in parallel.
Material was tested both parallel and perpendicular (transverse) to the build direction.
Laboratory reference material was run in parallel to the analyzed samples.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com