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The material in-use was estimated from the extrapolation of the Material Intensities (MI) per different building types to the total constructed area in this city considering land occupation.
The material intensities differ significantly across the various products.
The highest material intensities can be observed for mining activities, such as the extraction of sand and clay (almost 72 kilograms of extraction per € of final demand in 2011).
Finally, the material stocks are determined by the material intensities of the technology stocks which they make up.
The range of material intensities for Li-ion batteries is due to uncertainty in the battery chemistry that will be used.
We used population data to calculate per capita flows and GDP in constant 1990 international Geary-Khamis dollars to calculate material intensities (material flows per unit GDP), both from Maddison (2008).
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My last two building projects have worked towards integrative design to reduce material intensity and promote sustainable energy paradigms.
Everywhere else you need to factor in "trucking" vast distances, so the material intensity figures must be multiplied by truck miles, at which point the lightest wins.
The collective and therefore social nature of these enterprises, and their material intensity, means that the ways they are organized and supported (and to what extent) is vital to their successful functioning.
You ask for a straight comparison: using basic material intensity figures, a PET (a thermoplastic polymer resin) jar versus a glass one uses twice as much abiotic material (minerals and fossil fuel) to produce and 17 times more water (predominantly from cooling power plants) and produces five times the greenhouse gas emissions.
Six factors that can be considered for reduction in the manufacturing process are: material intensity, energy intensity, amount of waste not recycled or reused, amount of depleting resources used, service intensity, and health and environmental risk.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com