Meanwhile, public concerns about the environment, climate change, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, place increasing demands for the use of sustainable materials in infrastructure.
The demand for constructed facilities has been increasing in both the developed and the developing world, and ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete is among the most used materials in infrastructure.
As the construction industry continues to recognise the importance of sustainable development, technologies such as controlled low-strength material (CLSM) have come to the forefront as viable means of safely and efficiently using by-product and waste materials in infrastructure applications.
The model provides a methodology to assist planning of technology roll-out, define the materials demand profile and potential bottlenecks, and avoid or diminish supply risks through the planning of recovery and recycling: in short, to manage critical materials in infrastructure.
To take on that full view actually requires a material investment in infrastructure".
In this paper, we conducted a decoupling analysis of fossil fuel-induced CO2 emissions and in-use material stocks in infrastructure to economic growth at the provincial level in China and investigated the trilateral causal relationships among the three indicators.
When the materials embedded in infrastructure are critical materials that may suffer from supply shortfalls, understanding where, when, and how these materials and technologies within which they are embedded may be recovered (or better, reused) becomes important, first for enabling a closed-loop system of material use, and second to ensure the continuing functioning of basic infrastructure.
Congress took a very small step forward in the stimulus package passed in February by requiring some materials used in infrastructure projects to be sourced domestically to the extent permitted by U.S. trade obligations.
An encompassing literature review is presented herein relative to the behaviour and use of FRP materials in civil infrastructure, with application to steel.
The use of FRP materials in civil infrastructure for the repair and strengthening of reinforced concrete structures and for new construction has become a common practice.
