Silk fibroin (SF) has been reported as a suitable material for scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering application owing to its remarkable mechanical and biocompatible properties [5].
Porcine small intestinal submucosa, while once promising, has been exposed as a poor material for scaffold development.
For soft tissues, a biomaterial known as Alginate has been studied and used as raw-material for scaffolds fabrication.
Concerning the creation of new materials for scaffolds and bone substitutes, one requirement is the hydroxyapatite growth on the surface by exposing to body fluids, which can also be observed on oxidized porous silicon, which is more stable in simulated body fluids than pure porous silicon [7].
Nanofiber composites closely resemble the natural extracellular matrix and can support cell proliferation and direct differentiation while new tissue is formed, making them the popular material choice for scaffolds.
Several groups have reported use of metals, ceramics, synthetic polymers and composites, and silk fibroin as potential materials for scaffold fabrication in BTE.
The tissue engineering materials for scaffold should be biocompatible, biodegradable, and mechanically stable, which depends on the material's chemistry, solubility, structure, shape, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, surface energy, water absorption, molecular weight.
