Regarding your June 3 editorial "The Peril of 'Buy American,' " the idea that, in the current crisis, we are going to take taxpayer dollars and buy Chinese or other foreign materials for infrastructure construction is absurd.
In recent years, many research studies focused on geo-polymer materials for infrastructure construction and maintenance.
However, there is a concern in the civil engineering industry over the lack of information on the long-term durability and life-cycle performance of composite materials used for infrastructure applications.
Any capital costs (mainly labor and local materials) incurred for infrastructure development for some of the hygiene and environmental sanitation interventions are the responsibility of the households.
In civil engineering concrete is the most used building material for making infrastructures like bridges and parking decks worldwide.
Girls' enrolment, retention and learning achievement in formal basic education were promoted through such activities as feeder or satellite schools, girls' hostels, school feeding programmes, provision of construction materials and supplies for infrastructure, curriculum development, instructional materials development and distribution, girl-to-girl tutoring, and teachers' training.
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have emerged as a lightweight and efficient repair and retrofit material for many concrete infrastructure applications.
Therefore, with excellent capacity of crack width control, deformability and self-healing behavior, ECC can be an ideal material for durable concrete infrastructure.
The producer gas production phase consists of sub-modules such as steam and compressed-air generation, sand preparation for its utilization as bed material, physical infrastructure for the gasification plant, and electric furnace for maintaining the reactor temperature.
