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On their own, these patterns are insufficient to explain the origin of novel structures because co-option simply provides the material for evolutionary change.
Pre-existing genetic polymorphism in populations provides the raw material for evolutionary adaptation to climate change [4], [5], [6], [7] and historical gene frequencies are also a benchmark against which evolutionary response can be measured [8], [9].
Whole-genome duplications provide the genetic material for evolutionary innovation.
Genetic variation is the material for evolutionary processes.
New genes also provide crucial material for evolutionary innovations.
Gene duplication can provide raw genetic material for evolutionary forces to act on.
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Gene duplication provides raw genetic materials for evolutionary novelty and adaptation.
Paralogs often provide raw materials for evolutionary innovations, including the survival of parasites in their hosts [ 29].
Gene duplication is widely recognized as a major evolutionary force shaping genome evolution, and provides raw genetic materials for evolutionary novelty and adaptation [ 10, 11].
P450 proteins, as the terminal oxidases of the system, are the ideal materials for evolutionary studies of biodiversity and adaptation for several reasons.
We also showed that the duplicated genes can serve as raw materials for evolutionary innovations possibly contributing to the increase of pathologenic ability.
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