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Material use and productivity are analysed using a technique known as material flow accounts (MFA), standardised by the European Statistical Office (EUROSTAT, Luxembourg) and regularly updated.
Eurostat compiles material flow accounts of the European Union member states annually starting in 2000 (Eurostat, 2013).
In this article (and in contrast to most existing material flow accounts), we report metal and waste rock extraction separately.
We compared our results to existing national studies with coinciding time frames as well as with existing global material flow accounts.
The material input model calculates the direct material inputs (DMI) according to the "Eurostat guide on economy-wide material flow accounts" (EUROSTAT, 2001).
In general, our results represent an underestimation compared to national material flow accounts and are highly consistent with global totals from other studies; the comparison is presented in the supplementary material.
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To apply detailed material categories to mass and carbon data, creating a detailed material flow account (MFA) for Scotland for the first time.
The database is compiled following the standards of economy-wide material flow accounting (EW-MFA) provided by Eurostat and the OECD (EUROSTAT 2013; OECD 2007).
This pioneering system features a four-layer framework that integrates information on physical flows and economic activities with material flow accounting and waste input output table analysis.
This is an application to material flow accounting of the theory of residence time distributions used routinely in chemical reaction engineering.
Other approaches are based on the use of quantitative models, e.g., life cycle assessment, material flow accounting and strategic environmental assessment.
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