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This research investigates the material efficiency in the design of ultra-high performance concrete.
Policy measures that address particular environmental problems and information externalities will enhance material efficiency in a more effective manner.
Their common goal is to improve material efficiency in flat rolling and in application of rolled products.
A system dynamics model was developed to analyze the policy mechanisms that promote packaging material efficiency in products through increased recycling rates.
However, material efficiency in the manufacturing sector, as a means of improving the recyclability, reusability, reduction and prevention of industrial waste, is little understood.
The total depth of 60 mm and the thickness of 6 mm for bamboo and of 4.5 mm for GFRP presented the best material efficiency in terms of stiffness enhancement.
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Finally, by displaying performance results in terms of embodied and operational energy, this paper presents new data showing how considerations of structural material efficiency compare in magnitude to total building energy usage.
It is possible that some co-product treatment techniques (e.g., the process-level allocation approach), along with energy and material efficiency improvements in the corn ethanol supply chain, could render corn ethanol as having a 50 % reduction in life-cycle GHG emissions as compared to gasoline.
Tests have shown that near surface-mounted CFRP plates, where the FRP plate is inserted and bonded to the grooves cut into the concrete cover, substantially increase the debonding strain which in turn leads to significant increases in material efficiency as well as flexural strength and ductility.
The impact on reduced primary energy demand may range from approximately 0.3% per year (autonomous technical progress in material efficiency without specific policies) to more than 0.6% per year if supported by various policies oriented toward sustainable development in the future.
The model includes economic incentives such as packaging and landfill taxes combined with market mechanisms, behavioral aspects and ecological considerations in terms of material efficiency (the packaging material per product unit, recycled fraction in products).
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