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One hundred and ninety-two specimens, 84 joints and 108 material coupons, were aged for up to three years in various environments including (i) immersion in distilled water at 20 °C and 45 °C, (ii) immersion in de-icing salt solution at 20 °C and 45 °C and (iii) exposure to 95% relative humidity at 45 °C.
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Material coupon tests were performed to evaluate the optical and mechanical characteristics of the laminate.
The connection strengths decrease as the temperature increases in the similar manner for the steady state tests and the transient state tests as well as the material coupon tests.
The experimental investigation, which was carried out on two grade 1.4301 austenitic stainless steel cross-section sizes (CHS 60.5 × 2.8 and CHS 76.3 × 3), included material coupon tests, initial geometric measurements, two column tests, and ten beam column tests.
When human life depends upon structural integrity as an essential design requirement, it takes ten thousand material test coupons per composite laminate configuration to evaluate an airframe plus loading to ultimate failure tails, wing boxes and fuselages to achieve a commercial aircraft airworthiness certification.
The experimental programme employed four CHS sizes made of austenitic stainless steel, and included material tensile coupon tests, four stub column tests and twenty combined loading tests.
Two types of section were investigated: cold-formed square hollow section and welded H section. Twelve material tensile coupon tests and four stub column tests were conducted to provide the material properties of the specimens.
The experimental programme comprised material tensile coupon tests, geometric imperfection measurements, four stub column tests, two four-point bending tests, two axially-loaded column tests and ten beam-column tests.
For each bacterium and material tested, four coupons were placed in a sterile eppendorf containing 1 mL of NaCl 0.9% and vortexed vigorously for 2 minutes.
Material characterisation at coupon level was conducted to measure the appropriate material properties required for the model to achieve good predictability.
Results from supporting static sorption measurements on crushed geological materials and granite coupons showed in general higher sorption on alteration minerals than on granite.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com