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Clauses 6.2 and 6.3 are material clauses.
Clauses 14.4, 15.1 and 15.3 are doing material clauses.
The material clauses accounted for 68.26 % of locative circumstances.
Tai Dam material clauses preferred temporal location over spatial location.
Examples of happening material clauses are given below.
'Happening material' clauses construe some natural 'things' as Actor participants.
Similar(25)
Clause 21.1 is a material clause with lexical verbs 'make' and 'keep' as Process.
Each 'doing' material clause takes different participants as the Goals (e.g., seedlings, a harrow, a drove of buffalo).
The only middle material clause does not have an Actor: (8) [Si t'es fauché] il suffit de demander [à une condition celle d'adhérer dans le parti].
The only effective material clause has as its Agent 'on' (we): (21) Dans la fonction publique on travaille pour le fric.
For example, in the fifth month, Tai Dam people are free from farming activities and so take the opportunity to visit their family and friends as illustrated in example 12. Clause 35 is constructed by a serial verb construction: lexical verb 'travel', which is a happening material clause and 'visit', which is a doing material clause.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com