The underlying flux scheme in single material cells is the so-called FVCF scheme, whereas interface reconstruction and directional splitting is used in multi-material cells.
Correspondingly, the hierarchical optimization model of structures and multiphase material cells is built under prescribed volume fraction and mass constraints.
In general, AC impedance of bulk material cells related to their grain size, grain boundaries and electrolyte electrode interface, which are responsible for high ionic conduction.
This paper presents a hierarchical topology optimization method to simultaneously achieve the optimum structures and multiphase material cells for minimum system thermal compliance.
Cartilage tissue engineering uses a combination of biocompatible scaffold material, cells, and growth factors to achieve a cartilage-like tissue that has similar biomechanical properties as a native cartilage.
Applications of the method are illustrated by computing the optimal structures under multiple displacement constraints, and by designing the material cells under given macroscopic elastic tensors that correspond to both positive and negative Poisson's ratios.
