Yet evolution is all about origins (as in "the origin of species")—so the search for a naturalistic, material causal explanation for the origin of life on earth is in itself quintessentially a core scientific problem for the biological sciences and an integral aspect of the study of the history of life on earth, i.e., "evolution" in its broadest sense.
Kukla (2000, Ch. 3) distinguishes (i) material, (ii) causal, and (iii) constitutive dependence.
Second, the most important addition to this initial spatial picture of the world would be various sorts of causal relations among material objects and between such objects and perceivers, together with the causal and dispositional properties of objects (flammability, solubility, malleability, brittleness, toxicity, etc).
Of these, 17 participants were assigned to the causal and 15 to the non-causal condition.
GA V aims to explain variations within kinds that serve no function and that can be fully accounted for by identifying material level causal interactions differences in the color, texture or density of a part, for example.
Another common relaxation of the paradigm is that which allows as compatible with materialism such a theory as epiphenomenalism, according to which sensations and thoughts do exist in addition to material processes but are nonetheless wholly dependent on material processes and without causal efficacy of their own.
The discipline of history consists of many threads, including causal explanation, material description, and narrative interpretation of human action.
In Dura Pharmaceuticals v. Broudo, the Supreme Court held that in private securities fraud cases, one element of proving a violation is "loss causation," which requires showing "a causal connection between the material misrepresentation and the loss".
The Cārvākas, however, deny any causal connection between the material elements and the compounds arising out of them.
Though Leibniz denied the existence of purely material corpuscles and the possibility of causal influx or even interaction between real substances, he agreed that, from the perspective of what he sometimes terms mere physical science, perception required interaction, and that corpuscular motions were involved in the perception of sensory qualities such as light and colour.
The causes of such fads are usually twofold: proximate-causal and ambient-cultural.
