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High water material backfill uses high water material (HWM) as the backfill material (Feng et al. 2010).
Typically, researchers have developed three main complete backfill techniques: paste backfill (Zhou et al. 2004), solid backfill (Miao et al. 2010) and high water material backfill (HWMB) (Feng et al. 2010).
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Huang et al. (2011) aimed at the technical difficulties of GER in fully-mechanized coalface with solid material backfilling and they also analyzed structural mechanics model of surrounding rock, then they put forward a new technical for entry side backfilling.
Dredged clay has been re-used as a construction material, backfilling of quay walls, artificial barrier layers of waste disposal sites, and submerged embankments by proper treatment with cement.
So it can be effectively used for embankment construction, backfill material, filter material etc.
The relatively high concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3 − in the surface water and groundwater in this area are derived from calcium-rich materials, which include backfill, construction materials, mine waste and the geological formations (Alhamed 2014).
Bound and recycled materials for backfilling are modern options for fulfilling these targets.
The studied parameters include: the frequency and amplitude of ground motion; the stiffness and strength of the geosynthetic reinforcement, the location of the reinforcement within the backfill material and the thickness of the backfill material.
Compaction of backfill material to 95% proctor density of the backfill material was carried out by a vibratory compactor.
The results show that the time of instability of the backfill material relate to the initial parameters of the material, the coefficients decided by temperature and the ratio of the plastic zone of the backfill material.
Controlled low-strength materials (CLSM), like other cement-based backfill materials, are typically formulated by trial-and-error methods to yield the desired product characteristics.
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