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Numerical results show that when fracture doesn't initiate from the direction of material axis with larger modulus, the fracture propagation direction would change and divert to the direction of material axis with larger modulus.
The orientation of the material axis on each element was then prescribed as an independent variable for the genetic algorithm.
On the macrolevel, the network of collagen chains is represented by a transversely isotropic eight chain unit cell introducing one characteristic material axis.
Velocity axis on the left, marked with diamonds, reacted material axis on the right, marked with circles Fig. 5 XRD graph of the reaction products and distribution of different phases in the products.
SMC microintegrated PEUU was strong, flexible and anisotropic with tensile strengths ranging from 2.0 to 6.5 MPa and breaking strains from 850 to 1700% dependent on the material axis.
The results indicate that the propagation process of hydraulic fracture is influenced by comprehensive factors including material axis angle, Young' modulus ratio, shear modulus and in-situ stress difference.
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Additionally, the initiation of intralaminar failure including fiber fracture (FF) and inter-fiber fracture (IFF) is evaluated by Puck criteria, and its evolution, with considering effects of the fracture plane angle, is assumed to be controlled by equivalent strains on the fracture plane rather than the classic material principal axis plane.
For the model on feedback between wall anisotropy and mechanical stresses we have set the material anisotropy axis at each step of the Newton Raphson iteration aligned with maximal principal stress measured in the previous step.
After showing the fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method, the effects of angular velocity, linear and nonlinear variation of the angle of twist along the beam axis, material length scale parameters, temperature rise and material gradient index on the free vibration of pre-twisted microbeams are studied.
The wall of the cylinder consists of a transversely isotropic material with the axis of isotropy parallel to the x-axis of the cylinder.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com