Sentence examples for material and electron from inspiring English sources

The lower efficiency of C-FTO-based DSSCs was probably attributed to the presence of the barrier layer existed at the bottom side which may hinder solar light, active material, and electron transport and diffusion.

Then, a photocatalytic system containing Eosin Y as a sensitizer, graphene assembly as a supporter material and electron transfer channel, and CuO nanoparticles as an active center of H2 evolution from water was prepared.

In lithium-sulfur batteries, cyclability is often strongly limited by a high interfacial resistance caused by poor contact between the active material and electron and lithium ion transporting materials.

In this work, we demonstrate that OER activity of an electrodeposited Ni catalyst can be influenced by a support material, and electron transfer between the Ni-based catalyst and the support is proposed to increase the oxidation states of Ni and thus contribute to enhancing its intrinsic OER activity.

Moreover, mesoporous superstructures improve the coating of perovskite material to enhance coverage and light harvesting efficiency, and act as a physical barrier to prevent the formation of "shunt paths" by direct contact of the hole transport material and electron selective layer.

Although electrons are commonly described as residing in electron bands in bulk materials and electron orbitals in molecules, the following description will be described in molecular terms.

This approach also allows for multiple addition of dopants (e.g. laser dyes), hole transport materials and electron transport materials in a single light emitting layer.

The overall electrochemical performance of V6O13 cathode was limited by the conductivity of carbon cloth, the Li diffusivity in V6O13 materials, and electron transfer between V6O13 nanostructures and the carbon cloth.

The poor surface coverage causes the incident photons to pass straight through the uncovered areas, decreasing the available photocurrent; also, the excessive shunt paths due to direct contact between the hole-transporting material (HTM) and electron transporting material (ETM) lead to the formation of parallel diodes in the solar cell equivalent circuit [5].

Generally, the organic BHJ solar cells based on the mixture of electron donor (material organic) and electron acceptor materials as PCBM or its derivatives and have been utilized in the aim to harvest the sunlight.

To design the material rationally, we predict the effect of oxygen vacancy on the material bandgap and electron state density based on the first principle density functional theory.