In bone tissue engineering it has been applied as filling material for bone defects and augmentation, artificial bone graft material, and prosthesis revision surgery.
The aim of each of these is to achieve maximum results with the least material and injury, for augmentation and wrinkle reduction with a natural-looking result.
The bone bed around dental implants is influenced by implant and augmentation materials, as well as the insertion technique used.
Despite the development of various techniques and augmentation materials, the reestablishment of an adequate amount of bone especially in the vertical direction remains challenging.
Gender, smoking, periodontal disease, gingiva type, used augmentation material, and used membrane had no significant influence on the exposure rate (p > 0.05).
Gender, smoking, periodontal disease, gingiva type, used augmentation material, and used membrane had no significant influence on exposure rates (p > 0.05).
The bony deficiencies can be managed with GBR techniques involving bone grafting material and membrane while vertical augmentation may require the use of space-creating support mechanisms.
In those four animals, CT angiography of the thorax revealed embolization with augmentation material and bone marrow, and fat particles.
Out of the 17 sheep treated with augmentation material and demonstrating embolization, 7 sheep (41.2%) showed embolism caused by bone marrow and fat particles as well as material deposition, while 10/17 sheep (58.8%) revealed embolism due to material only.
Tissue engineering offers the possibility for soft tissue reconstruction and augmentation without autologous grafting or conventional synthetic materials.
