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When the Slovenian Anton Janscha and the Swiss François Huber and François Burnens established that the queen mated with several drones on a so-called mating flight, the old-line moralists were put to flight.
This will be investigated further in a laboratory experiment when virgin females are mated with several known males.
Males readily mated with several females but not every copulation resulted in fertilisation success.
Nine females were mated with several males in succession (6 to 13) and each males was allowed a single copulation with one pedipalp.
When a female mated with several extra-pair mates during a single reproductive event, we computed the mean IR, r and D and used these values in the statistical models.
A similar behavior was reported for the hide beetle, Dermestes maculates DeGeer (Archer and Elgar 1999), and the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Xu and Wang 2009): polyandrous females did not start laying eggs until they mated with several different males.
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Black bears are promiscuous, males and females often mating with several individuals.
Both males and females may mate with several individuals, but females raise the young alone.
Female chimps or bonobos in oestrus often mate with several different individuals, so males must reproductively compete in this way and larger testes will therefore confer greater reproductive fitness.
Snails often mate with several partners before laying eggs, and it is thought the dart's coating also serves to reduce the chance of re-mating, perhaps by causing more sperm to be stored.
But in some species, females are also choosy after mating — females of some insect species will mate with several males but use only one male's sperm for fertilization, for example.
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