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Exact(5)
The rejection of relatively small mates is supported by our data since large males did not mate with small females, although these females showed intense courtship behavior.
If females do mate with small males, mating can be disturbed by larger males leading to mating disruption (e.g. mites: Enders, 1993).
Large focal cells were more likely to mate with large cells on rich medium and small focal cells were more likely to mate with small cells on poor medium.
So, small focal cells on rich medium were more likely to mate with large cells, whereas large focal cells on poor medium were more likely to mate with small cells.
The largest individual in the reproductive pair was chosen to be the mother, so as to account for frequently observed mating between anadromous females (bigger) and resident males (smaller) and the apparent absence of the reverse (big anadromous males are not expected to mate with small resident females, Thériault et al. 2007a).
Similar(55)
By picking mates with small penises, female birds could have gained more control over the reproductive process.
Mating with small males reduced the total number of eggs produced by P. persimilis but not N. californicus females.
Thus, it could be that females mating with small males finished the mating earlier to avoid potential fitness costs such as lower numbers of fertilized eggs, or perhaps small males had less sperm material available than standard-sized males and therefore finished mating earlier.
Evolutionary biologists have theorized that perhaps bird penises vanished because female birds preferred mates with smaller penises.
Females may have finished mating with smaller males earlier than with standard-sized males, allowing re-mating and thus opening the chance for sperm competition.
Because M. sookensis has recurrently formed throughout its range (Modliszewski and Willis 2012), a small-flowered M. guttatus would have to form an unlikely mating with small-flowered M. nasutus; it would also have to be present at a fairly high frequency or produce a disproportionate amount of unreduced gametes.
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