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Conditional analyses were also performed by matching for date of participation and residential area.
Controls without diabetes and aged ≥35 years (six per LADA case) were randomly selected from the population of Scania and Uppsala matching for date of participation and residential area (incident density sampling) (14).
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We selected one control for each EM case, matched for date of birth (within 12 months), ethnicity, year of questionnaire completion and source of recruitment.
Two (2) unexposed per one (1) exposed are selected randomly from a cohort matched for date of birth within a period of +/−6 months.
Two serum samples, one taken at least 4 years before diagnosis (sample 2) and an earlier sample (sample 1) from 399 women with invasive breast cancer and from 399 controls, matched for date of blood samples and age were tested for CMV and EBV IgG antibodies.
Maternal and in utero enterovirus infections were studied in 171 offspring who presented with type 1 diabetes before the age of 11 years and in 316 control subjects matched for date and place of birth, sex, and HLA-DQ risk alleles for diabetes.
The aim of matching for index date was to compare drug exposure between case and control patients at the same point in time to avoid confounding by calendar time.
On the other hand, matching controls for date of CVC insertion was considered to decrease the more relevant risks of CVC-insertion doctor and time-related bias.
In this model, cases and controls were matched for their date of birth using stratum of 5 years thus analysis was performed allowing varying number of cases and controls matched.
Control children (31 boys, 23 girls) were matched for birth date and geographical residence.
This was, however, compensated for by selecting controls that were matched for the date of sampling and storage conditions.
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