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The case-crossover design controls for seasonal effects and secular trends by matching case and control days in relatively small time windows (e.g., calendar month).
Therefore, it cannot be excluded that after matching case and control subjects for HbA1c levels, a trend in the prevalence of these complications will not be found.
A study with 50 patients will provide at least 80% power to detect an odds ratio of 1.5 assuming a type 1 error of 5% and no residual confounding after matching case and control subjects (http://www.bioconductor.org).
We obtained data on exposure and confounders relating to the hour of the myocardial infarction event for both case and control days; matching case and control data on time of day in this way avoids confounding due to any natural circadian patterns in risk of myocardial infarction.
Exposure and confounder data were obtained at the hour of the myocardial infarction event for both case and control days; matching case and control data on time of day in this way avoids confounding due to any natural circadian patterns in myocardial infarction risk.
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Crude ORs will be adjusted for general practice and/or LSOA by matching cases and controls.
In our study, we attempted to control for some of these confounding factors when matching cases and controls.
Finally, because we did not attain a full match for all of our cases, we did a sensitivity analysis matching cases and controls only on sex, thereby matching all cases to at least one control.
Although compromised by the small sample size, Lucidarme and colleagues [ 1] have done their best to minimize the impact of confounding factors by matching cases and controls.
Differences between matched case and control pairs were analyzed by means oft tests and McNemar tests.
The propensity score method was used to match case and control cohorts.
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