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We developed a design effect formula for a multicenter study aimed at testing the effect of a binary factor (which thus defines two groups) on a continuous outcome, and explored this design effect for several designs (from individually stratified randomized trials to cluster randomized trials, and for other designs such as matched pair designs or observational multicenter studies).
Matched pair designs while not fully experimental, have the advantage of controlling for environmental factors that vary among sites independent of the "treatment" of interest.
Matched pair designs, as discussed in Statistics review 5 [ 9], can also be used when the outcome is categorical.
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Then the Deff equals: (10) In a matched pair design, the variance of the differences between paired responses equals: (11) where σ2 is the variance of observations in a standard parallel group design.
A matched pair design involved six General Practitioners (GPs) and 238 patients.
Conditional odds ratio is often used in matched pair design to assess the equivalence of two treatments for both prospective and retrospective clinical trials.
In matched pair design (total of 35 pairs), we compared roadside trees (approximately 8 m from main roads) with trees grown away from roads (control trees; approximately >80 m from the roads).
Using a matched pair design, we show that firms who adopt the BSC significantly outperform firms that do not adopt the BSC over a three year period beginning with the year of adoption.
Using a matched pair design, comparing companies with an IT-enabled competitive advantage to their direct competitors, we find that successful use of IT pays off in a combination of increased profitability and efficiency.
Cadavers are generally still the closest to the actual clinical situation, but they are limited by interspecimen variability, which often requires a matched pair design that can address only one question.
We first compare species density among treatments according to the matched pair design.
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