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First, the cohorts were matched on propensity scores allowing a range of ±0.005.
Lastly, risk estimates remained unchanged when treated and untreated participants were matched on propensity score (supplementary table C).
We calculated a propensity score using covariates influencing β blocker use and repeated the Cox regression model in a subgroup of patients matched on propensity score.
If differences between intervention and control group are seen in several possible confounders, the groups will be matched on propensity score.
We also constructed a control cohort matched on propensity scores for exposure to spironolactone, but we were unable to include all the covariates in the estimation of propensity scores due to non-convergence of the statistical procedures.
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As matching directly on observable characteristics is difficult if the set of potentially relevant characteristics is large, matching on propensity scores has been proposed as a valid method (Rosenbaum and Rubin, 1983).
After matching on propensity scores, the match quality is evaluated by comparing the means of the T1D group and the matched control group.
Confounding minimised by use of matching on propensity score.
We performed a five-digit case control match on propensity score by using SAS™ version 9.1 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
We also undertook further sensitivity analyses matching on propensity scores (1 1 matching, each exposed patient was matched to an unexposed patient whose propensity score was within +/−0.01).
The preprocessing strategy of matching on propensity scores equalizes the distributions of exposure groups on observed covariates and is suitable for improving subsequent parametric estimation [ 30].
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