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For each exposed, two matched unexposed offspring were selected as follows: one was defined as the next delivery in the hospital and one as the next delivery matched on maternal age.
Comparisons of these 33 children were made with 99 controls, three for each index case, matched on maternal age, parity and social class.
Specifically, although both the NE-NCPP and PDS study matched on sex and date of birth, only the NE-NCPP matched on maternal ethnicity, and only the PDS study included the length of time subjects were in the cohort and the availability of maternal serum.
Controls were obtained from birth certificates through the Arkansas Department of Health Vital Records Department (ADHVRD) by selecting the next two males born after each case with no congenital malformation identified on the birth certificate and frequency matched on maternal race.
Two groups of infants from Pristina were selected for follow-up: one group frequency-matched on BPb concentration to the group from Mitrovica with BPb < 15 μg/dL, and a second group matched on maternal and paternal education to the group from Mitrovica with BPb > 20 μg/dL.
Participants From a cohort of 11 471 women with at least one histological sample taken at colposcopy and a live singleton birth (before or after colposcopy), 1313 women with a preterm birth 20-366 weres) were identified and frequency matched on maternal age at delivery, parity, and study site to 1313 women with term births 38-42 weekss). 38-42 weeks
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We first hypothesised that rates of obstetric interventions are different between private and public patients even after matching on maternal characteristics; and second, that increased interventions may have a negative effect on neonatal outcomes.
Using an intervention design, the current study pseudorandomly assigned 57 4- to 6-year-old children (matched on age, maternal education, and cognitive scores) to a 20-day training program offering instruction in either music or conversational French.
Samples were matched based on maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, method of conception, ethnicity, smoking status, and infant sex.
Maternal and infant NHI numbers, alongside sex, date of birth (mothers) and date of delivery (infants), were sent to the Information Group at the Ministry of Health, who matched information on maternal and infant health outcomes from national data collections as outlined in Table 2 and Figure 1.
A matched comparison group (MC) was drawn from the MCS dataset with a ratio of two comparison children to each ART case, matching on gender, maternal age (in years) and socioeconomic status (NS-SEC, based on occupation).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com